Lex talionis

Latin for "retributive justice", or, an eye for an eye. The concept originally appeared in the Old Testament, but more as a maximum *limit* on how much retributive justice can be enacted against a criminal, not as a prescribed amount that should be.

Legalism

The theological belief that salvation can only be obtained from a strict adherance to the laws.

Antinomianism

A religious group that are free from following the moral or ethical laws of their religion. This, like the phrase "big brother", is normally leveled against other groups, and almost never explicitly used to describe oneself or one's affiliation. (e.g., those involved with the Spanish Inquisition were sometimes accused of antinomianism.)

Hillel the Elder

A famous rabbi (practically antiquatarian). Said "If I am not for myself, then who will be for me? And when I am only for myself, what am I? And if not now, when?" and "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor. That is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation. Go and study it."